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linux/mm/memory.c


  1 /*
  2  *  linux/mm/memory.c
  3  *
  4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
  5  */
  6 
  7 /*
  8  * demand-loading started 01.12.91 - seems it is high on the list of
  9  * things wanted, and it should be easy to implement. - Linus
 10  */
 11 
 12 /*
 13  * Ok, demand-loading was easy, shared pages a little bit tricker. Shared
 14  * pages started 02.12.91, seems to work. - Linus.
 15  *
 16  * Tested sharing by executing about 30 /bin/sh: under the old kernel it
 17  * would have taken more than the 6M I have free, but it worked well as
 18  * far as I could see.
 19  *
 20  * Also corrected some "invalidate()"s - I wasn't doing enough of them.
 21  */
 22 
 23 /*
 24  * Real VM (paging to/from disk) started 18.12.91. Much more work and
 25  * thought has to go into this. Oh, well..
 26  * 19.12.91  -  works, somewhat. Sometimes I get faults, don't know why.
 27  *              Found it. Everything seems to work now.
 28  * 20.12.91  -  Ok, making the swap-device changeable like the root.
 29  */
 30 
 31 /*
 32  * 05.04.94  -  Multi-page memory management added for v1.1.
 33  *              Idea by Alex Bligh (alex@cconcepts.co.uk)
 34  *
 35  * 16.07.99  -  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG
 36  *              (Gerhard.Wichert@pdb.siemens.de)
 37  */
 38 
 39 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
 40 #include <linux/mm.h>
 41 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
 42 #include <linux/mman.h>
 43 #include <linux/swap.h>
 44 #include <linux/highmem.h>
 45 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
 46 #include <linux/rmap.h>
 47 #include <linux/module.h>
 48 #include <linux/init.h>
 49 
 50 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
 51 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 52 #include <asm/tlb.h>
 53 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 54 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 55 
 56 #include <linux/swapops.h>
 57 #include <linux/elf.h>
 58 
 59 #ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM
 60 /* use the per-pgdat data instead for discontigmem - mbligh */
 61 unsigned long max_mapnr;
 62 struct page *mem_map;
 63 
 64 EXPORT_SYMBOL(max_mapnr);
 65 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mem_map);
 66 #endif
 67 
 68 unsigned long num_physpages;
 69 /*
 70  * A number of key systems in x86 including ioremap() rely on the assumption
 71  * that high_memory defines the upper bound on direct map memory, then end
 72  * of ZONE_NORMAL.  Under CONFIG_DISCONTIG this means that max_low_pfn and
 73  * highstart_pfn must be the same; there must be no gap between ZONE_NORMAL
 74  * and ZONE_HIGHMEM.
 75  */
 76 void * high_memory;
 77 struct page *highmem_start_page;
 78 unsigned long vmalloc_earlyreserve;
 79 
 80 EXPORT_SYMBOL(num_physpages);
 81 EXPORT_SYMBOL(highmem_start_page);
 82 EXPORT_SYMBOL(high_memory);
 83 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_earlyreserve);
 84 
 85 /*
 86  * We special-case the C-O-W ZERO_PAGE, because it's such
 87  * a common occurrence (no need to read the page to know
 88  * that it's zero - better for the cache and memory subsystem).
 89  */
 90 static inline void copy_cow_page(struct page * from, struct page * to, unsigned long address)
 91 {
 92         if (from == ZERO_PAGE(address)) {
 93                 clear_user_highpage(to, address);
 94                 return;
 95         }
 96         copy_user_highpage(to, from, address);
 97 }
 98 
 99 /*
100  * Note: this doesn't free the actual pages themselves. That
101  * has been handled earlier when unmapping all the memory regions.
102  */
103 static inline void free_one_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, pmd_t * dir)
104 {
105         struct page *page;
106 
107         if (pmd_none(*dir))
108                 return;
109         if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*dir))) {
110                 pmd_ERROR(*dir);
111                 pmd_clear(dir);
112                 return;
113         }
114         page = pmd_page(*dir);
115         pmd_clear(dir);
116         dec_page_state(nr_page_table_pages);
117         pte_free_tlb(tlb, page);
118 }
119 
120 static inline void free_one_pgd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, pgd_t * dir)
121 {
122         int j;
123         pmd_t * pmd;
124 
125         if (pgd_none(*dir))
126                 return;
127         if (unlikely(pgd_bad(*dir))) {
128                 pgd_ERROR(*dir);
129                 pgd_clear(dir);
130                 return;
131         }
132         pmd = pmd_offset(dir, 0);
133         pgd_clear(dir);
134         for (j = 0; j < PTRS_PER_PMD ; j++)
135                 free_one_pmd(tlb, pmd+j);
136         pmd_free_tlb(tlb, pmd);
137 }
138 
139 /*
140  * This function clears all user-level page tables of a process - this
141  * is needed by execve(), so that old pages aren't in the way.
142  *
143  * Must be called with pagetable lock held.
144  */
145 void clear_page_tables(struct mmu_gather *tlb, unsigned long first, int nr)
146 {
147         pgd_t * page_dir = tlb->mm->pgd;
148 
149         page_dir += first;
150         do {
151                 free_one_pgd(tlb, page_dir);
152                 page_dir++;
153         } while (--nr);
154 }
155 
156 pte_t fastcall * pte_alloc_map(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address)
157 {
158         if (!pmd_present(*pmd)) {
159                 struct page *new;
160 
161                 spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
162                 new = pte_alloc_one(mm, address);
163                 spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
164                 if (!new)
165                         return NULL;
166 
167                 /*
168                  * Because we dropped the lock, we should re-check the
169                  * entry, as somebody else could have populated it..
170                  */
171                 if (pmd_present(*pmd)) {
172                         pte_free(new);
173                         goto out;
174                 }
175                 inc_page_state(nr_page_table_pages);
176                 pmd_populate(mm, pmd, new);
177         }
178 out:
179         return pte_offset_map(pmd, address);
180 }
181 
182 pte_t fastcall * pte_alloc_kernel(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address)
183 {
184         if (!pmd_present(*pmd)) {
185                 pte_t *new;
186 
187                 spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
188                 new = pte_alloc_one_kernel(mm, address);
189                 spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
190                 if (!new)
191                         return NULL;
192 
193                 /*
194                  * Because we dropped the lock, we should re-check the
195                  * entry, as somebody else could have populated it..
196                  */
197                 if (pmd_present(*pmd)) {
198                         pte_free_kernel(new);
199                         goto out;
200                 }
201                 pmd_populate_kernel(mm, pmd, new);
202         }
203 out:
204         return pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
205 }
206 #define PTE_TABLE_MASK  ((PTRS_PER_PTE-1) * sizeof(pte_t))
207 #define PMD_TABLE_MASK  ((PTRS_PER_PMD-1) * sizeof(pmd_t))
208 
209 /*
210  * copy one vm_area from one task to the other. Assumes the page tables
211  * already present in the new task to be cleared in the whole range
212  * covered by this vma.
213  *
214  * 08Jan98 Merged into one routine from several inline routines to reduce
215  *         variable count and make things faster. -jj
216  *
217  * dst->page_table_lock is held on entry and exit,
218  * but may be dropped within pmd_alloc() and pte_alloc_map().
219  */
220 int copy_page_range(struct mm_struct *dst, struct mm_struct *src,
221                         struct vm_area_struct *vma)
222 {
223         pgd_t * src_pgd, * dst_pgd;
224         unsigned long address = vma->vm_start;
225         unsigned long end = vma->vm_end;
226         unsigned long cow;
227 
228         if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
229                 return copy_hugetlb_page_range(dst, src, vma);
230 
231         cow = (vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYWRITE)) == VM_MAYWRITE;
232         src_pgd = pgd_offset(src, address)-1;
233         dst_pgd = pgd_offset(dst, address)-1;
234 
235         for (;;) {
236                 pmd_t * src_pmd, * dst_pmd;
237 
238                 src_pgd++; dst_pgd++;
239                 
240                 /* copy_pmd_range */
241                 
242                 if (pgd_none(*src_pgd))
243                         goto skip_copy_pmd_range;
244                 if (unlikely(pgd_bad(*src_pgd))) {
245                         pgd_ERROR(*src_pgd);
246                         pgd_clear(src_pgd);
247 skip_copy_pmd_range:    address = (address + PGDIR_SIZE) & PGDIR_MASK;
248                         if (!address || (address >= end))
249                                 goto out;
250                         continue;
251                 }
252 
253                 src_pmd = pmd_offset(src_pgd, address);
254                 dst_pmd = pmd_alloc(dst, dst_pgd, address);
255                 if (!dst_pmd)
256                         goto nomem;
257 
258                 do {
259                         pte_t * src_pte, * dst_pte;
260                 
261                         /* copy_pte_range */
262                 
263                         if (pmd_none(*src_pmd))
264                                 goto skip_copy_pte_range;
265                         if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*src_pmd))) {
266                                 pmd_ERROR(*src_pmd);
267                                 pmd_clear(src_pmd);
268 skip_copy_pte_range:
269                                 address = (address + PMD_SIZE) & PMD_MASK;
270                                 if (address >= end)
271                                         goto out;
272                                 goto cont_copy_pmd_range;
273                         }
274 
275                         dst_pte = pte_alloc_map(dst, dst_pmd, address);
276                         if (!dst_pte)
277                                 goto nomem;
278                         spin_lock(&src->page_table_lock);       
279                         src_pte = pte_offset_map_nested(src_pmd, address);
280                         do {
281                                 pte_t pte = *src_pte;
282                                 struct page *page;
283                                 unsigned long pfn;
284 
285                                 /* copy_one_pte */
286 
287                                 if (pte_none(pte))
288                                         goto cont_copy_pte_range_noset;
289                                 /* pte contains position in swap, so copy. */
290                                 if (!pte_present(pte)) {
291                                         if (!pte_file(pte))
292                                                 swap_duplicate(pte_to_swp_entry(pte));
293                                         set_pte(dst_pte, pte);
294                                         goto cont_copy_pte_range_noset;
295                                 }
296                                 pfn = pte_pfn(pte);
297                                 /* the pte points outside of valid memory, the
298                                  * mapping is assumed to be good, meaningful
299                                  * and not mapped via rmap - duplicate the
300                                  * mapping as is.
301                                  */
302                                 page = NULL;
303                                 if (pfn_valid(pfn)) 
304                                         page = pfn_to_page(pfn); 
305 
306                                 if (!page || PageReserved(page)) {
307                                         set_pte(dst_pte, pte);
308                                         goto cont_copy_pte_range_noset;
309                                 }
310 
311                                 /*
312                                  * If it's a COW mapping, write protect it both
313                                  * in the parent and the child
314                                  */
315                                 if (cow) {
316                                         ptep_set_wrprotect(src_pte);
317                                         pte = *src_pte;
318                                 }
319 
320                                 /*
321                                  * If it's a shared mapping, mark it clean in
322                                  * the child
323                                  */
324                                 if (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)
325                                         pte = pte_mkclean(pte);
326                                 pte = pte_mkold(pte);
327                                 get_page(page);
328                                 dst->rss++;
329                                 set_pte(dst_pte, pte);
330                                 page_dup_rmap(page);
331 cont_copy_pte_range_noset:
332                                 address += PAGE_SIZE;
333                                 if (address >= end) {
334                                         pte_unmap_nested(src_pte);
335                                         pte_unmap(dst_pte);
336                                         goto out_unlock;
337                                 }
338                                 src_pte++;
339                                 dst_pte++;
340                         } while ((unsigned long)src_pte & PTE_TABLE_MASK);
341                         pte_unmap_nested(src_pte-1);
342                         pte_unmap(dst_pte-1);
343                         spin_unlock(&src->page_table_lock);
344                         cond_resched_lock(&dst->page_table_lock);
345 cont_copy_pmd_range:
346                         src_pmd++;
347                         dst_pmd++;
348                 } while ((unsigned long)src_pmd & PMD_TABLE_MASK);
349         }
350 out_unlock:
351         spin_unlock(&src->page_table_lock);
352 out:
353         return 0;
354 nomem:
355         return -ENOMEM;
356 }
357 
358 static void zap_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
359                 pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address,
360                 unsigned long size, struct zap_details *details)
361 {
362         unsigned long offset;
363         pte_t *ptep;
364 
365         if (pmd_none(*pmd))
366                 return;
367         if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd))) {
368                 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
369                 pmd_clear(pmd);
370                 return;
371         }
372         ptep = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);
373         offset = address & ~PMD_MASK;
374         if (offset + size > PMD_SIZE)
375                 size = PMD_SIZE - offset;
376         size &= PAGE_MASK;
377         if (details && !details->check_mapping && !details->nonlinear_vma)
378                 details = NULL;
379         for (offset=0; offset < size; ptep++, offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
380                 pte_t pte = *ptep;
381                 if (pte_none(pte))
382                         continue;
383                 if (pte_present(pte)) {
384                         struct page *page = NULL;
385                         unsigned long pfn = pte_pfn(pte);
386                         if (pfn_valid(pfn)) {
387                                 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
388                                 if (PageReserved(page))
389                                         page = NULL;
390                         }
391                         if (unlikely(details) && page) {
392                                 /*
393                                  * unmap_shared_mapping_pages() wants to
394                                  * invalidate cache without truncating:
395                                  * unmap shared but keep private pages.
396                                  */
397                                 if (details->check_mapping &&
398                                     details->check_mapping != page->mapping)
399                                         continue;
400                                 /*
401                                  * Each page->index must be checked when
402                                  * invalidating or truncating nonlinear.
403                                  */
404                                 if (details->nonlinear_vma &&
405                                     (page->index < details->first_index ||
406                                      page->index > details->last_index))
407                                         continue;
408                         }
409                         pte = ptep_get_and_clear(ptep);
410                         tlb_remove_tlb_entry(tlb, ptep, address+offset);
411                         if (unlikely(!page))
412                                 continue;
413                         if (unlikely(details) && details->nonlinear_vma
414                             && linear_page_index(details->nonlinear_vma,
415                                         address+offset) != page->index)
416                                 set_pte(ptep, pgoff_to_pte(page->index));
417                         if (pte_dirty(pte))
418                                 set_page_dirty(page);
419                         if (pte_young(pte) && !PageAnon(page))
420                                 mark_page_accessed(page);
421                         tlb->freed++;
422                         page_remove_rmap(page);
423                         tlb_remove_page(tlb, page);
424                         continue;
425                 }
426                 /*
427                  * If details->check_mapping, we leave swap entries;
428                  * if details->nonlinear_vma, we leave file entries.
429                  */
430                 if (unlikely(details))
431                         continue;
432                 if (!pte_file(pte))
433                         free_swap_and_cache(pte_to_swp_entry(pte));
434                 pte_clear(ptep);
435         }
436         pte_unmap(ptep-1);
437 }
438 
439 static void zap_pmd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
440                 pgd_t * dir, unsigned long address,
441                 unsigned long size, struct zap_details *details)
442 {
443         pmd_t * pmd;
444         unsigned long end;
445 
446         if (pgd_none(*dir))
447                 return;
448         if (unlikely(pgd_bad(*dir))) {
449                 pgd_ERROR(*dir);
450                 pgd_clear(dir);
451                 return;
452         }
453         pmd = pmd_offset(dir, address);
454         end = address + size;
455         if (end > ((address + PGDIR_SIZE) & PGDIR_MASK))
456                 end = ((address + PGDIR_SIZE) & PGDIR_MASK);
457         do {
458                 zap_pte_range(tlb, pmd, address, end - address, details);
459                 address = (address + PMD_SIZE) & PMD_MASK; 
460                 pmd++;
461         } while (address && (address < end));
462 }
463 
464 static void unmap_page_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
465                 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
466                 unsigned long end, struct zap_details *details)
467 {
468         pgd_t * dir;
469 
470         BUG_ON(address >= end);
471         dir = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, address);
472         tlb_start_vma(tlb, vma);
473         do {
474                 zap_pmd_range(tlb, dir, address, end - address, details);
475                 address = (address + PGDIR_SIZE) & PGDIR_MASK;
476                 dir++;
477         } while (address && (address < end));
478         tlb_end_vma(tlb, vma);
479 }
480 
481 /* Dispose of an entire struct mmu_gather per rescheduling point */
482 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT)
483 #define ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE  (FREE_PTE_NR * PAGE_SIZE)
484 #endif
485 
486 /* For UP, 256 pages at a time gives nice low latency */
487 #if !defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT)
488 #define ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE  (256 * PAGE_SIZE)
489 #endif
490 
491 /* No preempt: go for improved straight-line efficiency */
492 #if !defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT)
493 #define ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE  (1024 * PAGE_SIZE)
494 #endif
495 
496 /**
497  * unmap_vmas - unmap a range of memory covered by a list of vma's
498  * @tlbp: address of the caller's struct mmu_gather
499  * @mm: the controlling mm_struct
500  * @vma: the starting vma
501  * @start_addr: virtual address at which to start unmapping
502  * @end_addr: virtual address at which to end unmapping
503  * @nr_accounted: Place number of unmapped pages in vm-accountable vma's here
504  * @details: details of nonlinear truncation or shared cache invalidation
505  *
506  * Returns the number of vma's which were covered by the unmapping.
507  *
508  * Unmap all pages in the vma list.  Called under page_table_lock.
509  *
510  * We aim to not hold page_table_lock for too long (for scheduling latency
511  * reasons).  So zap pages in ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE bytecounts.  This means we need to
512  * return the ending mmu_gather to the caller.
513  *
514  * Only addresses between `start' and `end' will be unmapped.
515  *
516  * The VMA list must be sorted in ascending virtual address order.
517  *
518  * unmap_vmas() assumes that the caller will flush the whole unmapped address
519  * range after unmap_vmas() returns.  So the only responsibility here is to
520  * ensure that any thus-far unmapped pages are flushed before unmap_vmas()
521  * drops the lock and schedules.
522  */
523 int unmap_vmas(struct mmu_gather **tlbp, struct mm_struct *mm,
524                 struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start_addr,
525                 unsigned long end_addr, unsigned long *nr_accounted,
526                 struct zap_details *details)
527 {
528         unsigned long zap_bytes = ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE;
529         unsigned long tlb_start = 0;    /* For tlb_finish_mmu */
530         int tlb_start_valid = 0;
531         int ret = 0;
532         int atomic = details && details->atomic;
533 
534         for ( ; vma && vma->vm_start < end_addr; vma = vma->vm_next) {
535                 unsigned long start;
536                 unsigned long end;
537 
538                 start = max(vma->vm_start, start_addr);
539                 if (start >= vma->vm_end)
540                         continue;
541                 end = min(vma->vm_end, end_addr);
542                 if (end <= vma->vm_start)
543                         continue;
544 
545                 if (vma->vm_flags & VM_ACCOUNT)
546                         *nr_accounted += (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
547 
548                 ret++;
549                 while (start != end) {
550                         unsigned long block;
551 
552                         if (!tlb_start_valid) {
553                                 tlb_start = start;
554                                 tlb_start_valid = 1;
555                         }
556 
557                         if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
558                                 block = end - start;
559                                 unmap_hugepage_range(vma, start, end);
560                         } else {
561                                 block = min(zap_bytes, end - start);
562                                 unmap_page_range(*tlbp, vma, start,
563                                                 start + block, details);
564                         }
565 
566                         start += block;
567                         zap_bytes -= block;
568                         if ((long)zap_bytes > 0)
569                                 continue;
570                         if (!atomic && need_resched()) {
571                                 int fullmm = tlb_is_full_mm(*tlbp);
572                                 tlb_finish_mmu(*tlbp, tlb_start, start);
573                                 cond_resched_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
574                                 *tlbp = tlb_gather_mmu(mm, fullmm);
575                                 tlb_start_valid = 0;
576                         }
577                         zap_bytes = ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE;
578                 }
579         }
580         return ret;
581 }
582 
583 /**
584  * zap_page_range - remove user pages in a given range
585  * @vma: vm_area_struct holding the applicable pages
586  * @address: starting address of pages to zap
587  * @size: number of bytes to zap
588  * @details: details of nonlinear truncation or shared cache invalidation
589  */
590 void zap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
591                 unsigned long size, struct zap_details *details)
592 {
593         struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
594         struct mmu_gather *tlb;
595         unsigned long end = address + size;
596         unsigned long nr_accounted = 0;
597 
598         if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
599                 zap_hugepage_range(vma, address, size);
600                 return;
601         }
602 
603         lru_add_drain();
604         spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
605         tlb = tlb_gather_mmu(mm, 0);
606         unmap_vmas(&tlb, mm, vma, address, end, &nr_accounted, details);
607         tlb_finish_mmu(tlb, address, end);
608         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
609 }
610 
611 /*
612  * Do a quick page-table lookup for a single page.
613  * mm->page_table_lock must be held.
614  */
615 struct page *
616 follow_page(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address, int write) 
617 {
618         pgd_t *pgd;
619         pmd_t *pmd;
620         pte_t *ptep, pte;
621         unsigned long pfn;
622         struct page *page;
623 
624         page = follow_huge_addr(mm, address, write);
625         if (! IS_ERR(page))
626                 return page;
627 
628         pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
629         if (pgd_none(*pgd) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgd)))
630                 goto out;
631 
632         pmd = pmd_offset(pgd, address);
633         if (pmd_none(*pmd))
634                 goto out;
635         if (pmd_huge(*pmd))
636                 return follow_huge_pmd(mm, address, pmd, write);
637         if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
638                 goto out;
639 
640         ptep = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);
641         if (!ptep)
642                 goto out;
643 
644         pte = *ptep;
645         pte_unmap(ptep);
646         if (pte_present(pte)) {
647                 if (write && !pte_write(pte))
648                         goto out;
649                 pfn = pte_pfn(pte);
650                 if (pfn_valid(pfn)) {
651                         page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
652                         if (write && !pte_dirty(pte) && !PageDirty(page))
653                                 set_page_dirty(page);
654                         mark_page_accessed(page);
655                         return page;
656                 }
657         }
658 
659 out:
660         return NULL;
661 }
662 
663 /* 
664  * Given a physical address, is there a useful struct page pointing to
665  * it?  This may become more complex in the future if we start dealing
666  * with IO-aperture pages for direct-IO.
667  */
668 
669 static inline struct page *get_page_map(struct page *page)
670 {
671         if (!pfn_valid(page_to_pfn(page)))
672                 return NULL;
673         return page;
674 }
675 
676 
677 static inline int
678 untouched_anonymous_page(struct mm_struct* mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
679                          unsigned long address)
680 {
681         pgd_t *pgd;
682         pmd_t *pmd;
683 
684         /* Check if the vma is for an anonymous mapping. */
685         if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->nopage)
686                 return 0;
687 
688         /* Check if page directory entry exists. */
689         pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
690         if (pgd_none(*pgd) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgd)))
691                 return 1;
692 
693         /* Check if page middle directory entry exists. */
694         pmd = pmd_offset(pgd, address);
695         if (pmd_none(*pmd) || unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
696                 return 1;
697 
698         /* There is a pte slot for 'address' in 'mm'. */
699         return 0;
700 }
701 
702 
703 int get_user_pages(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
704                 unsigned long start, int len, int write, int force,
705                 struct page **pages, struct vm_area_struct **vmas)
706 {
707         int i;
708         unsigned int flags;
709 
710         /* 
711          * Require read or write permissions.
712          * If 'force' is set, we only require the "MAY" flags.
713          */
714         flags = write ? (VM_WRITE | VM_MAYWRITE) : (VM_READ | VM_MAYREAD);
715         flags &= force ? (VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE) : (VM_READ | VM_WRITE);
716         i = 0;
717 
718         do {
719                 struct vm_area_struct * vma;
720 
721                 vma = find_extend_vma(mm, start);
722                 if (!vma && in_gate_area(tsk, start)) {
723                         unsigned long pg = start & PAGE_MASK;
724                         struct vm_area_struct *gate_vma = get_gate_vma(tsk);
725                         pgd_t *pgd;
726                         pmd_t *pmd;
727                         pte_t *pte;
728                         if (write) /* user gate pages are read-only */
729                                 return i ? : -EFAULT;
730                         pgd = pgd_offset_gate(mm, pg);
731                         if (!pgd)
732                                 return i ? : -EFAULT;
733                         pmd = pmd_offset(pgd, pg);
734                         if (!pmd)
735                                 return i ? : -EFAULT;
736                         pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, pg);
737                         if (!pte)
738                                 return i ? : -EFAULT;
739                         if (!pte_present(*pte)) {
740                                 pte_unmap(pte);
741                                 return i ? : -EFAULT;
742                         }
743                         if (pages) {
744                                 pages[i] = pte_page(*pte);
745                                 get_page(pages[i]);
746                         }
747                         pte_unmap(pte);
748                         if (vmas)
749                                 vmas[i] = gate_vma;
750                         i++;
751                         start += PAGE_SIZE;
752                         len--;
753                         continue;
754                 }
755 
756                 if (!vma || (pages && (vma->vm_flags & VM_IO))
757                                 || !(flags & vma->vm_flags))
758                         return i ? : -EFAULT;
759 
760                 if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
761                         i = follow_hugetlb_page(mm, vma, pages, vmas,
762                                                 &start, &len, i);
763                         continue;
764                 }
765                 spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
766                 do {
767                         struct page *map;
768                         int lookup_write = write;
769                         while (!(map = follow_page(mm, start, lookup_write))) {
770                                 /*
771                                  * Shortcut for anonymous pages. We don't want
772                                  * to force the creation of pages tables for
773                                  * insanly big anonymously mapped areas that
774                                  * nobody touched so far. This is important
775                                  * for doing a core dump for these mappings.
776                                  */
777                                 if (!lookup_write &&
778                                     untouched_anonymous_page(mm,vma,start)) {
779                                         map = ZERO_PAGE(start);
780                                         break;
781                                 }
782                                 spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
783                                 switch (handle_mm_fault(mm,vma,start,write)) {
784                                 case VM_FAULT_MINOR:
785                                         tsk->min_flt++;
786                                         break;
787                                 case VM_FAULT_MAJOR:
788                                         tsk->maj_flt++;
789                                         break;
790                                 case VM_FAULT_SIGBUS:
791                                         return i ? i : -EFAULT;
792                                 case VM_FAULT_OOM:
793                                         return i ? i : -ENOMEM;
794                                 default:
795                                         BUG();
796                                 }
797                                 /*
798                                  * Now that we have performed a write fault
799                                  * and surely no longer have a shared page we
800                                  * shouldn't write, we shouldn't ignore an
801                                  * unwritable page in the page table if
802                                  * we are forcing write access.
803                                  */
804                                 lookup_write = write && !force;
805                                 spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
806                         }
807                         if (pages) {
808                                 pages[i] = get_page_map(map);
809                                 if (!pages[i]) {
810                                         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
811                                         while (i--)
812                                                 page_cache_release(pages[i]);
813                                         i = -EFAULT;
814                                         goto out;
815                                 }
816                                 flush_dcache_page(pages[i]);
817                                 if (!PageReserved(pages[i]))
818                                         page_cache_get(pages[i]);
819                         }
820                         if (vmas)
821                                 vmas[i] = vma;
822                         i++;
823                         start += PAGE_SIZE;
824                         len--;
825                 } while(len && start < vma->vm_end);
826                 spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
827         } while(len);
828 out:
829         return i;
830 }
831 
832 EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_user_pages);
833 
834 static void zeromap_pte_range(pte_t * pte, unsigned long address,
835                                      unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
836 {
837         unsigned long end;
838 
839         address &= ~PMD_MASK;
840         end = address + size;
841         if (end > PMD_SIZE)
842                 end = PMD_SIZE;
843         do {
844                 pte_t zero_pte = pte_wrprotect(mk_pte(ZERO_PAGE(address), prot));
845                 BUG_ON(!pte_none(*pte));
846                 set_pte(pte, zero_pte);
847                 address += PAGE_SIZE;
848                 pte++;
849         } while (address && (address < end));
850 }
851 
852 static inline int zeromap_pmd_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t * pmd, unsigned long address,
853                                     unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
854 {
855         unsigned long base, end;
856 
857         base = address & PGDIR_MASK;
858         address &= ~PGDIR_MASK;
859         end = address + size;
860         if (end > PGDIR_SIZE)
861                 end = PGDIR_SIZE;
862         do {
863                 pte_t * pte = pte_alloc_map(mm, pmd, base + address);
864                 if (!pte)
865                         return -ENOMEM;
866                 zeromap_pte_range(pte, base + address, end - address, prot);
867                 pte_unmap(pte);
868                 address = (address + PMD_SIZE) & PMD_MASK;
869                 pmd++;
870         } while (address && (address < end));
871         return 0;
872 }
873 
874 int zeromap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
875 {
876         int error = 0;
877         pgd_t * dir;
878         unsigned long beg = address;
879         unsigned long end = address + size;
880         struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
881 
882         dir = pgd_offset(mm, address);
883         flush_cache_range(vma, beg, end);
884         if (address >= end)
885                 BUG();
886 
887         spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
888         do {
889                 pmd_t *pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, dir, address);
890                 error = -ENOMEM;
891                 if (!pmd)
892                         break;
893                 error = zeromap_pmd_range(mm, pmd, address, end - address, prot);
894                 if (error)
895                         break;
896                 address = (address + PGDIR_SIZE) & PGDIR_MASK;
897                 dir++;
898         } while (address && (address < end));
899         /*
900          * Why flush? zeromap_pte_range has a BUG_ON for !pte_none()
901          */
902         flush_tlb_range(vma, beg, end);
903         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
904         return error;
905 }
906 
907 /*
908  * maps a range of physical memory into the requested pages. the old
909  * mappings are removed. any references to nonexistent pages results
910  * in null mappings (currently treated as "copy-on-access")
911  */
912 static inline void remap_pte_range(pte_t * pte, unsigned long address, unsigned long size,
913         unsigned long phys_addr, pgprot_t prot)
914 {
915         unsigned long end;
916         unsigned long pfn;
917 
918         address &= ~PMD_MASK;
919         end = address + size;
920         if (end > PMD_SIZE)
921                 end = PMD_SIZE;
922         pfn = phys_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
923         do {
924                 BUG_ON(!pte_none(*pte));
925                 if (!pfn_valid(pfn) || PageReserved(pfn_to_page(pfn)))
926                         set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, prot));
927                 address += PAGE_SIZE;
928                 pfn++;
929                 pte++;
930         } while (address && (address < end));
931 }
932 
933 static inline int remap_pmd_range(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t * pmd, unsigned long address, unsigned long size,
934         unsigned long phys_addr, pgprot_t prot)
935 {
936         unsigned long base, end;
937 
938         base = address & PGDIR_MASK;
939         address &= ~PGDIR_MASK;
940         end = address + size;
941         if (end > PGDIR_SIZE)
942                 end = PGDIR_SIZE;
943         phys_addr -= address;
944         do {
945                 pte_t * pte = pte_alloc_map(mm, pmd, base + address);
946                 if (!pte)
947                         return -ENOMEM;
948                 remap_pte_range(pte, base + address, end - address, address + phys_addr, prot);
949                 pte_unmap(pte);
950                 address = (address + PMD_SIZE) & PMD_MASK;
951                 pmd++;
952         } while (address && (address < end));
953         return 0;
954 }
955 
956 /*  Note: this is only safe if the mm semaphore is held when called. */
957 int remap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long from, unsigned long phys_addr, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
958 {
959         int error = 0;
960         pgd_t * dir;
961         unsigned long beg = from;
962         unsigned long end = from + size;
963         struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
964 
965         phys_addr -= from;
966         dir = pgd_offset(mm, from);
967         flush_cache_range(vma, beg, end);
968         if (from >= end)
969                 BUG();
970 
971         /*
972          * Physically remapped pages are special. Tell the
973          * rest of the world about it:
974          *   VM_IO tells people not to look at these pages
975          *      (accesses can have side effects).
976          *   VM_RESERVED tells swapout not to try to touch
977          *      this region.
978          */
979         vma->vm_flags |= VM_IO | VM_RESERVED;
980         spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
981         do {
982                 pmd_t *pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, dir, from);
983                 error = -ENOMEM;
984                 if (!pmd)
985                         break;
986                 error = remap_pmd_range(mm, pmd, from, end - from, phys_addr + from, prot);
987                 if (error)
988                         break;
989                 from = (from + PGDIR_SIZE) & PGDIR_MASK;
990                 dir++;
991         } while (from && (from < end));
992         /*
993          * Why flush? remap_pte_range has a BUG_ON for !pte_none()
994          */
995         flush_tlb_range(vma, beg, end);
996         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
997         return error;
998 }
999 
1000 EXPORT_SYMBOL(remap_page_range);
1001 
1002 /*
1003  * Do pte_mkwrite, but only if the vma says VM_WRITE.  We do this when
1004  * servicing faults for write access.  In the normal case, do always want
1005  * pte_mkwrite.  But get_user_pages can cause write faults for mappings
1006  * that do not have writing enabled, when used by access_process_vm.
1007  */
1008 static inline pte_t maybe_mkwrite(pte_t pte, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
1009 {
1010         if (likely(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
1011                 pte = pte_mkwrite(pte);
1012         return pte;
1013 }
1014 
1015 /*
1016  * We hold the mm semaphore for reading and vma->vm_mm->page_table_lock
1017  */
1018 static inline void break_cow(struct vm_area_struct * vma, struct page * new_page, unsigned long address, 
1019                 pte_t *page_table)
1020 {
1021         pte_t entry;
1022 
1023         flush_cache_page(vma, address);
1024         entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(mk_pte(new_page, vma->vm_page_prot)),
1025                               vma);
1026         ptep_establish(vma, address, page_table, entry);
1027         update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry);
1028         lazy_mmu_prot_update(entry);
1029 }
1030 
1031 /*
1032  * This routine handles present pages, when users try to write
1033  * to a shared page. It is done by copying the page to a new address
1034  * and decrementing the shared-page counter for the old page.
1035  *
1036  * Goto-purists beware: the only reason for goto's here is that it results
1037  * in better assembly code.. The "default" path will see no jumps at all.
1038  *
1039  * Note that this routine assumes that the protection checks have been
1040  * done by the caller (the low-level page fault routine in most cases).
1041  * Thus we can safely just mark it writable once we've done any necessary
1042  * COW.
1043  *
1044  * We also mark the page dirty at this point even though the page will
1045  * change only once the write actually happens. This avoids a few races,
1046  * and potentially makes it more efficient.
1047  *
1048  * We hold the mm semaphore and the page_table_lock on entry and exit
1049  * with the page_table_lock released.
1050  */
1051 static int do_wp_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct * vma,
1052         unsigned long address, pte_t *page_table, pmd_t *pmd, pte_t pte)
1053 {
1054         struct page *old_page, *new_page;
1055         unsigned long pfn = pte_pfn(pte);
1056         pte_t entry;
1057 
1058         if (unlikely(!pfn_valid(pfn))) {
1059                 /*
1060                  * This should really halt the system so it can be debugged or
1061                  * at least the kernel stops what it's doing before it corrupts
1062                  * data, but for the moment just pretend this is OOM.
1063                  */
1064                 pte_unmap(page_table);
1065                 printk(KERN_ERR "do_wp_page: bogus page at address %08lx\n",
1066                                 address);
1067                 spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1068                 return VM_FAULT_OOM;
1069         }
1070         old_page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
1071 
1072         if (!TestSetPageLocked(old_page)) {
1073                 int reuse = can_share_swap_page(old_page);
1074                 unlock_page(old_page);
1075                 if (reuse) {
1076                         flush_cache_page(vma, address);
1077                         entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkyoung(pte_mkdirty(pte)),
1078                                               vma);
1079                         ptep_set_access_flags(vma, address, page_table, entry, 1);
1080                         update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry);
1081                         lazy_mmu_prot_update(entry);
1082                         pte_unmap(page_table);
1083                         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1084                         return VM_FAULT_MINOR;
1085                 }
1086         }
1087         pte_unmap(page_table);
1088 
1089         /*
1090          * Ok, we need to copy. Oh, well..
1091          */
1092         if (!PageReserved(old_page))
1093                 page_cache_get(old_page);
1094         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1095 
1096         if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma)))
1097                 goto no_new_page;
1098         new_page = alloc_page_vma(GFP_HIGHUSER, vma, address);
1099         if (!new_page)
1100                 goto no_new_page;
1101         copy_cow_page(old_page,new_page,address);
1102 
1103         /*
1104          * Re-check the pte - we dropped the lock
1105          */
1106         spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1107         page_table = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);
1108         if (likely(pte_same(*page_table, pte))) {
1109                 if (PageReserved(old_page))
1110                         ++mm->rss;
1111                 else
1112                         page_remove_rmap(old_page);
1113                 break_cow(vma, new_page, address, page_table);
1114                 lru_cache_add_active(new_page);
1115                 page_add_anon_rmap(new_page, vma, address);
1116 
1117                 /* Free the old page.. */
1118                 new_page = old_page;
1119         }
1120         pte_unmap(page_table);
1121         page_cache_release(new_page);
1122         page_cache_release(old_page);
1123         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1124         return VM_FAULT_MINOR;
1125 
1126 no_new_page:
1127         page_cache_release(old_page);
1128         return VM_FAULT_OOM;
1129 }
1130 
1131 /*
1132  * Helper function for unmap_mapping_range().
1133  */
1134 static inline void unmap_mapping_range_list(struct prio_tree_root *root,
1135                                             struct zap_details *details)
1136 {
1137         struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL;
1138         struct prio_tree_iter iter;
1139         pgoff_t vba, vea, zba, zea;
1140 
1141         while ((vma = vma_prio_tree_next(vma, root, &iter,
1142                         details->first_index, details->last_index)) != NULL) {
1143                 vba = vma->vm_pgoff;
1144                 vea = vba + ((vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT) - 1;
1145                 /* Assume for now that PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT == PAGE_SHIFT */
1146                 zba = details->first_index;
1147                 if (zba < vba)
1148                         zba = vba;
1149                 zea = details->last_index;
1150                 if (zea > vea)
1151                         zea = vea;
1152                 zap_page_range(vma,
1153                         ((zba - vba) << PAGE_SHIFT) + vma->vm_start,
1154                         (zea - zba + 1) << PAGE_SHIFT, details);
1155         }
1156 }
1157 
1158 /**
1159  * unmap_mapping_range - unmap the portion of all mmaps
1160  * in the specified address_space corresponding to the specified
1161  * page range in the underlying file.
1162  * @address_space: the address space containing mmaps to be unmapped.
1163  * @holebegin: byte in first page to unmap, relative to the start of
1164  * the underlying file.  This will be rounded down to a PAGE_SIZE
1165  * boundary.  Note that this is different from vmtruncate(), which
1166  * must keep the partial page.  In contrast, we must get rid of
1167  * partial pages.
1168  * @holelen: size of prospective hole in bytes.  This will be rounded
1169  * up to a PAGE_SIZE boundary.  A holelen of zero truncates to the
1170  * end of the file.
1171  * @even_cows: 1 when truncating a file, unmap even private COWed pages;
1172  * but 0 when invalidating pagecache, don't throw away private data.
1173  */
1174 void unmap_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping,
1175                 loff_t const holebegin, loff_t const holelen, int even_cows)
1176 {
1177         struct zap_details details;
1178         pgoff_t hba = holebegin >> PAGE_SHIFT;
1179         pgoff_t hlen = (holelen + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
1180 
1181         /* Check for overflow. */
1182         if (sizeof(holelen) > sizeof(hlen)) {
1183                 long long holeend =
1184                         (holebegin + holelen + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
1185                 if (holeend & ~(long long)ULONG_MAX)
1186                         hlen = ULONG_MAX - hba + 1;
1187         }
1188 
1189         details.check_mapping = even_cows? NULL: mapping;
1190         details.nonlinear_vma = NULL;
1191         details.first_index = hba;
1192         details.last_index = hba + hlen - 1;
1193         details.atomic = 1;     /* A spinlock is held */
1194         if (details.last_index < details.first_index)
1195                 details.last_index = ULONG_MAX;
1196 
1197         spin_lock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock);
1198         /* Protect against page fault */
1199         atomic_inc(&mapping->truncate_count);
1200 
1201         if (unlikely(!prio_tree_empty(&mapping->i_mmap)))
1202                 unmap_mapping_range_list(&mapping->i_mmap, &details);
1203 
1204         /*
1205          * In nonlinear VMAs there is no correspondence between virtual address
1206          * offset and file offset.  So we must perform an exhaustive search
1207          * across *all* the pages in each nonlinear VMA, not just the pages
1208          * whose virtual address lies outside the file truncation point.
1209          */
1210         if (unlikely(!list_empty(&mapping->i_mmap_nonlinear))) {
1211                 struct vm_area_struct *vma;
1212                 list_for_each_entry(vma, &mapping->i_mmap_nonlinear,
1213                                                 shared.vm_set.list) {
1214                         details.nonlinear_vma = vma;
1215                         zap_page_range(vma, vma->vm_start,
1216                                 vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start, &details);
1217                 }
1218         }
1219         spin_unlock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock);
1220 }
1221 EXPORT_SYMBOL(unmap_mapping_range);
1222 
1223 /*
1224  * Handle all mappings that got truncated by a "truncate()"
1225  * system call.
1226  *
1227  * NOTE! We have to be ready to update the memory sharing
1228  * between the file and the memory map for a potential last
1229  * incomplete page.  Ugly, but necessary.
1230  */
1231 int vmtruncate(struct inode * inode, loff_t offset)
1232 {
1233         struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
1234         unsigned long limit;
1235 
1236         if (inode->i_size < offset)
1237                 goto do_expand;
1238         /*
1239          * truncation of in-use swapfiles is disallowed - it would cause
1240          * subsequent swapout to scribble on the now-freed blocks.
1241          */
1242         if (IS_SWAPFILE(inode))
1243                 goto out_busy;
1244         i_size_write(inode, offset);
1245         unmap_mapping_range(mapping, offset + PAGE_SIZE - 1, 0, 1);
1246         truncate_inode_pages(mapping, offset);
1247         goto out_truncate;
1248 
1249 do_expand:
1250         limit = current->rlim[RLIMIT_FSIZE].rlim_cur;
1251         if (limit != RLIM_INFINITY && offset > limit)
1252                 goto out_sig;
1253         if (offset > inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes)
1254                 goto out_big;
1255         i_size_write(inode, offset);
1256 
1257 out_truncate:
1258         if (inode->i_op && inode->i_op->truncate)
1259                 inode->i_op->truncate(inode);
1260         return 0;
1261 out_sig:
1262         send_sig(SIGXFSZ, current, 0);
1263 out_big:
1264         return -EFBIG;
1265 out_busy:
1266         return -ETXTBSY;
1267 }
1268 
1269 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmtruncate);
1270 
1271 /* 
1272  * Primitive swap readahead code. We simply read an aligned block of
1273  * (1 << page_cluster) entries in the swap area. This method is chosen
1274  * because it doesn't cost us any seek time.  We also make sure to queue
1275  * the 'original' request together with the readahead ones...  
1276  *
1277  * This has been extended to use the NUMA policies from the mm triggering
1278  * the readahead.
1279  *
1280  * Caller must hold down_read on the vma->vm_mm if vma is not NULL.
1281  */
1282 void swapin_readahead(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned long addr,struct vm_area_struct *vma)
1283 {
1284 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
1285         struct vm_area_struct *next_vma = vma ? vma->vm_next : NULL;
1286 #endif
1287         int i, num;
1288         struct page *new_page;
1289         unsigned long offset;
1290 
1291         /*
1292          * Get the number of handles we should do readahead io to.
1293          */
1294         num = valid_swaphandles(entry, &offset);
1295         for (i = 0; i < num; offset++, i++) {
1296                 /* Ok, do the async read-ahead now */
1297                 new_page = read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry(swp_type(entry),
1298                                                            offset), vma, addr);
1299                 if (!new_page)
1300                         break;
1301                 page_cache_release(new_page);
1302 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
1303                 /*
1304                  * Find the next applicable VMA for the NUMA policy.
1305                  */
1306                 addr += PAGE_SIZE;
1307                 if (addr == 0)
1308                         vma = NULL;
1309                 if (vma) {
1310                         if (addr >= vma->vm_end) {
1311                                 vma = next_vma;
1312                                 next_vma = vma ? vma->vm_next : NULL;
1313                         }
1314                         if (vma && addr < vma->vm_start)
1315                                 vma = NULL;
1316                 } else {
1317                         if (next_vma && addr >= next_vma->vm_start) {
1318                                 vma = next_vma;
1319                                 next_vma = vma->vm_next;
1320                         }
1321                 }
1322 #endif
1323         }
1324         lru_add_drain();        /* Push any new pages onto the LRU now */
1325 }
1326 
1327 /*
1328  * We hold the mm semaphore and the page_table_lock on entry and
1329  * should release the pagetable lock on exit..
1330  */
1331 static int do_swap_page(struct mm_struct * mm,
1332         struct vm_area_struct * vma, unsigned long address,
1333         pte_t *page_table, pmd_t *pmd, pte_t orig_pte, int write_access)
1334 {
1335         struct page *page;
1336         swp_entry_t entry = pte_to_swp_entry(orig_pte);
1337         pte_t pte;
1338         int ret = VM_FAULT_MINOR;
1339 
1340         pte_unmap(page_table);
1341         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1342         page = lookup_swap_cache(entry);
1343         if (!page) {
1344                 swapin_readahead(entry, address, vma);
1345                 page = read_swap_cache_async(entry, vma, address);
1346                 if (!page) {
1347                         /*
1348                          * Back out if somebody else faulted in this pte while
1349                          * we released the page table lock.
1350                          */
1351                         spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1352                         page_table = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);
1353                         if (likely(pte_same(*page_table, orig_pte)))
1354                                 ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
1355                         else
1356                                 ret = VM_FAULT_MINOR;
1357                         pte_unmap(page_table);
1358                         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1359                         goto out;
1360                 }
1361 
1362                 /* Had to read the page from swap area: Major fault */
1363                 ret = VM_FAULT_MAJOR;
1364                 inc_page_state(pgmajfault);
1365         }
1366 
1367         mark_page_accessed(page);
1368         lock_page(page);
1369 
1370         /*
1371          * Back out if somebody else faulted in this pte while we
1372          * released the page table lock.
1373          */
1374         spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1375         page_table = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);
1376         if (unlikely(!pte_same(*page_table, orig_pte))) {
1377                 pte_unmap(page_table);
1378                 spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1379                 unlock_page(page);
1380                 page_cache_release(page);
1381                 ret = VM_FAULT_MINOR;
1382                 goto out;
1383         }
1384 
1385         /* The page isn't present yet, go ahead with the fault. */
1386                 
1387         swap_free(entry);
1388         if (vm_swap_full())
1389                 remove_exclusive_swap_page(page);
1390 
1391         mm->rss++;
1392         pte = mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot);
1393         if (write_access && can_share_swap_page(page)) {
1394                 pte = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(pte), vma);
1395                 write_access = 0;
1396         }
1397         unlock_page(page);
1398 
1399         flush_icache_page(vma, page);
1400         set_pte(page_table, pte);
1401         page_add_anon_rmap(page, vma, address);
1402 
1403         if (write_access) {
1404                 if (do_wp_page(mm, vma, address,
1405                                 page_table, pmd, pte) == VM_FAULT_OOM)
1406                         ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
1407                 goto out;
1408         }
1409 
1410         /* No need to invalidate - it was non-present before */
1411         update_mmu_cache(vma, address, pte);
1412         pte_unmap(page_table);
1413         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1414 out:
1415         return ret;
1416 }
1417 
1418 /*
1419  * We are called with the MM semaphore and page_table_lock
1420  * spinlock held to protect against concurrent faults in
1421  * multithreaded programs. 
1422  */
1423 static int
1424 do_anonymous_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
1425                 pte_t *page_table, pmd_t *pmd, int write_access,
1426                 unsigned long addr)
1427 {
1428         pte_t entry;
1429         struct page * page = ZERO_PAGE(addr);
1430 
1431         /* Read-only mapping of ZERO_PAGE. */
1432         entry = pte_wrprotect(mk_pte(ZERO_PAGE(addr), vma->vm_page_prot));
1433 
1434         /* ..except if it's a write access */
1435         if (write_access) {
1436                 /* Allocate our own private page. */
1437                 pte_unmap(page_table);
1438                 spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1439 
1440                 if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma)))
1441                         goto no_mem;
1442                 page = alloc_page_vma(GFP_HIGHUSER, vma, addr);
1443                 if (!page)
1444                         goto no_mem;
1445                 clear_user_highpage(page, addr);
1446 
1447                 spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1448                 page_table = pte_offset_map(pmd, addr);
1449 
1450                 if (!pte_none(*page_table)) {
1451                         pte_unmap(page_table);
1452                         page_cache_release(page);
1453                         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1454                         goto out;
1455                 }
1456                 mm->rss++;
1457                 entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(mk_pte(page,
1458                                                          vma->vm_page_prot)),
1459                                       vma);
1460                 lru_cache_add_active(page);
1461                 mark_page_accessed(page);
1462                 page_add_anon_rmap(page, vma, addr);
1463         }
1464 
1465         set_pte(page_table, entry);
1466         pte_unmap(page_table);
1467 
1468         /* No need to invalidate - it was non-present before */
1469         update_mmu_cache(vma, addr, entry);
1470         lazy_mmu_prot_update(entry);
1471         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1472 out:
1473         return VM_FAULT_MINOR;
1474 no_mem:
1475         return VM_FAULT_OOM;
1476 }
1477 
1478 /*
1479  * do_no_page() tries to create a new page mapping. It aggressively
1480  * tries to share with existing pages, but makes a separate copy if
1481  * the "write_access" parameter is true in order to avoid the next
1482  * page fault.
1483  *
1484  * As this is called only for pages that do not currently exist, we
1485  * do not need to flush old virtual caches or the TLB.
1486  *
1487  * This is called with the MM semaphore held and the page table
1488  * spinlock held. Exit with the spinlock released.
1489  */
1490 static int
1491 do_no_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
1492         unsigned long address, int write_access, pte_t *page_table, pmd_t *pmd)
1493 {
1494         struct page * new_page;
1495         struct address_space *mapping = NULL;
1496         pte_t entry;
1497         int sequence = 0;
1498         int ret = VM_FAULT_MINOR;
1499         int anon = 0;
1500 
1501         if (!vma->vm_ops || !vma->vm_ops->nopage)
1502                 return do_anonymous_page(mm, vma, page_table,
1503                                         pmd, write_access, address);
1504         pte_unmap(page_table);
1505         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1506 
1507         if (vma->vm_file) {
1508                 mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
1509                 sequence = atomic_read(&mapping->truncate_count);
1510         }
1511         smp_rmb();  /* Prevent CPU from reordering lock-free ->nopage() */
1512 retry:
1513         new_page = vma->vm_ops->nopage(vma, address & PAGE_MASK, &ret);
1514 
1515         /* no page was available -- either SIGBUS or OOM */
1516         if (new_page == NOPAGE_SIGBUS)
1517                 return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
1518         if (new_page == NOPAGE_OOM)
1519                 return VM_FAULT_OOM;
1520 
1521         /*
1522          * Should we do an early C-O-W break?
1523          */
1524         if (write_access && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
1525                 struct page *page;
1526 
1527                 if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma)))
1528                         goto oom;
1529                 page = alloc_page_vma(GFP_HIGHUSER, vma, address);
1530                 if (!page)
1531                         goto oom;
1532                 copy_user_highpage(page, new_page, address);
1533                 page_cache_release(new_page);
1534                 new_page = page;
1535                 anon = 1;
1536         }
1537 
1538         spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1539         /*
1540          * For a file-backed vma, someone could have truncated or otherwise
1541          * invalidated this page.  If unmap_mapping_range got called,
1542          * retry getting the page.
1543          */
1544         if (mapping &&
1545               (unlikely(sequence != atomic_read(&mapping->truncate_count)))) {
1546                 sequence = atomic_read(&mapping->truncate_count);
1547                 spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1548                 page_cache_release(new_page);
1549                 goto retry;
1550         }
1551         page_table = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);
1552 
1553         /*
1554          * This silly early PAGE_DIRTY setting removes a race
1555          * due to the bad i386 page protection. But it's valid
1556          * for other architectures too.
1557          *
1558          * Note that if write_access is true, we either now have
1559          * an exclusive copy of the page, or this is a shared mapping,
1560          * so we can make it writable and dirty to avoid having to
1561          * handle that later.
1562          */
1563         /* Only go through if we didn't race with anybody else... */
1564         if (pte_none(*page_table)) {
1565                 if (!PageReserved(new_page))
1566                         ++mm->rss;
1567                 flush_icache_page(vma, new_page);
1568                 entry = mk_pte(new_page, vma->vm_page_prot);
1569                 if (write_access)
1570                         entry = maybe_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(entry), vma);
1571                 set_pte(page_table, entry);
1572                 if (anon) {
1573                         lru_cache_add_active(new_page);
1574                         page_add_anon_rmap(new_page, vma, address);
1575                 } else
1576                         page_add_file_rmap(new_page);
1577                 pte_unmap(page_table);
1578         } else {
1579                 /* One of our sibling threads was faster, back out. */
1580                 pte_unmap(page_table);
1581                 page_cache_release(new_page);
1582                 spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1583                 goto out;
1584         }
1585 
1586         /* no need to invalidate: a not-present page shouldn't be cached */
1587         update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry);
1588         lazy_mmu_prot_update(entry);
1589         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1590 out:
1591         return ret;
1592 oom:
1593         page_cache_release(new_page);
1594         ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
1595         goto out;
1596 }
1597 
1598 /*
1599  * Fault of a previously existing named mapping. Repopulate the pte
1600  * from the encoded file_pte if possible. This enables swappable
1601  * nonlinear vmas.
1602  */
1603 static int do_file_page(struct mm_struct * mm, struct vm_area_struct * vma,
1604         unsigned long address, int write_access, pte_t *pte, pmd_t *pmd)
1605 {
1606         unsigned long pgoff;
1607         int err;
1608 
1609         BUG_ON(!vma->vm_ops || !vma->vm_ops->nopage);
1610         /*
1611          * Fall back to the linear mapping if the fs does not support
1612          * ->populate:
1613          */
1614         if (!vma->vm_ops || !vma->vm_ops->populate || 
1615                         (write_access && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))) {
1616                 pte_clear(pte);
1617                 return do_no_page(mm, vma, address, write_access, pte, pmd);
1618         }
1619 
1620         pgoff = pte_to_pgoff(*pte);
1621 
1622         pte_unmap(pte);
1623         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1624 
1625         err = vma->vm_ops->populate(vma, address & PAGE_MASK, PAGE_SIZE, vma->vm_page_prot, pgoff, 0);
1626         if (err == -ENOMEM)
1627                 return VM_FAULT_OOM;
1628         if (err)
1629                 return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
1630         return VM_FAULT_MAJOR;
1631 }
1632 
1633 /*
1634  * These routines also need to handle stuff like marking pages dirty
1635  * and/or accessed for architectures that don't do it in hardware (most
1636  * RISC architectures).  The early dirtying is also good on the i386.
1637  *
1638  * There is also a hook called "update_mmu_cache()" that architectures
1639  * with external mmu caches can use to update those (ie the Sparc or
1640  * PowerPC hashed page tables that act as extended TLBs).
1641  *
1642  * Note the "page_table_lock". It is to protect against kswapd removing
1643  * pages from under us. Note that kswapd only ever _removes_ pages, never
1644  * adds them. As such, once we have noticed that the page is not present,
1645  * we can drop the lock early.
1646  *
1647  * The adding of pages is protected by the MM semaphore (which we hold),
1648  * so we don't need to worry about a page being suddenly been added into
1649  * our VM.
1650  *
1651  * We enter with the pagetable spinlock held, we are supposed to
1652  * release it when done.
1653  */
1654 static inline int handle_pte_fault(struct mm_struct *mm,
1655         struct vm_area_struct * vma, unsigned long address,
1656         int write_access, pte_t *pte, pmd_t *pmd)
1657 {
1658         pte_t entry;
1659 
1660         entry = *pte;
1661         if (!pte_present(entry)) {
1662                 /*
1663                  * If it truly wasn't present, we know that kswapd
1664                  * and the PTE updates will not touch it later. So
1665                  * drop the lock.
1666                  */
1667                 if (pte_none(entry))
1668                         return do_no_page(mm, vma, address, write_access, pte, pmd);
1669                 if (pte_file(entry))
1670                         return do_file_page(mm, vma, address, write_access, pte, pmd);
1671                 return do_swap_page(mm, vma, address, pte, pmd, entry, write_access);
1672         }
1673 
1674         if (write_access) {
1675                 if (!pte_write(entry))
1676                         return do_wp_page(mm, vma, address, pte, pmd, entry);
1677 
1678                 entry = pte_mkdirty(entry);
1679         }
1680         entry = pte_mkyoung(entry);
1681         ptep_set_access_flags(vma, address, pte, entry, write_access);
1682         update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry);
1683         lazy_mmu_prot_update(entry);
1684         pte_unmap(pte);
1685         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1686         return VM_FAULT_MINOR;
1687 }
1688 
1689 /*
1690  * By the time we get here, we already hold the mm semaphore
1691  */
1692 int handle_mm_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct * vma,
1693         unsigned long address, int write_access)
1694 {
1695         pgd_t *pgd;
1696         pmd_t *pmd;
1697 
1698         __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
1699         pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
1700 
1701         inc_page_state(pgfault);
1702 
1703         if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
1704                 return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS; /* mapping truncation does this. */
1705 
1706         /*
1707          * We need the page table lock to synchronize with kswapd
1708          * and the SMP-safe atomic PTE updates.
1709          */
1710         spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1711         pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pgd, address);
1712 
1713         if (pmd) {
1714                 pte_t * pte = pte_alloc_map(mm, pmd, address);
1715                 if (pte)
1716                         return handle_pte_fault(mm, vma, address, write_access, pte, pmd);
1717         }
1718         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1719         return VM_FAULT_OOM;
1720 }
1721 
1722 /*
1723  * Allocate page middle directory.
1724  *
1725  * We've already handled the fast-path in-line, and we own the
1726  * page table lock.
1727  *
1728  * On a two-level page table, this ends up actually being entirely
1729  * optimized away.
1730  */
1731 pmd_t fastcall *__pmd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)
1732 {
1733         pmd_t *new;
1734 
1735         spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1736         new = pmd_alloc_one(mm, address);
1737         spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
1738         if (!new)
1739                 return NULL;
1740 
1741         /*
1742          * Because we dropped the lock, we should re-check the
1743          * entry, as somebody else could have populated it..
1744          */
1745         if (pgd_present(*pgd)) {
1746                 pmd_free(new);
1747                 goto out;
1748         }
1749         pgd_populate(mm, pgd, new);
1750 out:
1751         return pmd_offset(pgd, address);
1752 }
1753 
1754 int make_pages_present(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
1755 {
1756         int ret, len, write;
1757         struct vm_area_struct * vma;
1758 
1759         vma = find_vma(current->mm, addr);
1760         write = (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE) != 0;
1761         if (addr >= end)
1762                 BUG();
1763         if (end > vma->vm_end)
1764                 BUG();
1765         len = (end+PAGE_SIZE-1)/PAGE_SIZE-addr/PAGE_SIZE;
1766         ret = get_user_pages(current, current->mm, addr,
1767                         len, write, 0, NULL, NULL);
1768         if (ret < 0)
1769                 return ret;
1770         return ret == len ? 0 : -1;
1771 }
1772 
1773 /* 
1774  * Map a vmalloc()-space virtual address to the physical page.
1775  */
1776 struct page * vmalloc_to_page(void * vmalloc_addr)
1777 {
1778         unsigned long addr = (unsigned long) vmalloc_addr;
1779         struct page *page = NULL;
1780         pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
1781         pmd_t *pmd;
1782         pte_t *ptep, pte;
1783   
1784         if (!pgd_none(*pgd)) {
1785                 pmd = pmd_offset(pgd, addr);
1786                 if (!pmd_none(*pmd)) {
1787                         preempt_disable();
1788                         ptep = pte_offset_map(pmd, addr);
1789                         pte = *ptep;
1790                         if (pte_present(pte))
1791                                 page = pte_page(pte);
1792                         pte_unmap(ptep);
1793                         preempt_enable();
1794                 }
1795         }
1796         return page;
1797 }
1798 
1799 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_to_page);
1800 
1801 #if !defined(CONFIG_ARCH_GATE_AREA)
1802 
1803 #if defined(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR)
1804 struct vm_area_struct gate_vma;
1805 
1806 static int __init gate_vma_init(void)
1807 {
1808         gate_vma.vm_mm = NULL;
1809         gate_vma.vm_start = FIXADDR_USER_START;
1810         gate_vma.vm_end = FIXADDR_USER_END;
1811         gate_vma.vm_page_prot = PAGE_READONLY;
1812         gate_vma.vm_flags = 0;
1813         return 0;
1814 }
1815 __initcall(gate_vma_init);
1816 #endif
1817 
1818 struct vm_area_struct *get_gate_vma(struct task_struct *tsk)
1819 {
1820 #ifdef AT_SYSINFO_EHDR
1821         return &gate_vma;
1822 #else
1823         return NULL;
1824 #endif
1825 }
1826 
1827 int in_gate_area(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long addr)
1828 {
1829 #ifdef AT_SYSINFO_EHDR
1830         if ((addr >= FIXADDR_USER_START) && (addr < FIXADDR_USER_END))
1831                 return 1;
1832 #endif
1833         return 0;
1834 }
1835 
1836 #endif
1837 

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